I'm also interested in what can be done in the way of a "suspended" floor. What can I span with 4" of 4000 psi concrete, and what can I do with different sizes of rebar at different spacing? There should be something like a span chart. Of course the thickness of the concrete is another possible variable.
Around here it is common to backfill a stoop or small porch, then pour. Sometimes people figure out that the space below will make a nice storage area, so they will put up a temporary support and pour a porch, etc. over the area.
Naturally one concern is rain coming through. Another is condensation.
I poured one that spanned about 6' and I don't remember what we had for rebar in it. I remember the truck dumped quite a load in one area right in front of the front door and it was piled up quite high and I was worried about the whole thing collapsing.
Of course you've got your preformed prestressed panels that they put in, then pour on top.
I'm with you, I think there should be some way to figure these without an engineer the same way we figure lumber spans, based on what has worked over the years.