You cannot put a blanket statement around waterproofing. Each situation will occur for its own reason. Can an install have RedGard, Hydro Ban, Kerdi, etc and still mold? Yep. First things first; install your products correctly.
I do a lot of tub surrounds in an apartment complex. Each unit is built slightly different so I don't stock any kind of wall board. I have used Green Eboard, Permabase, DensShield, etc. As a bare minimum, I would use DensShield with a liquid membrane over the seems and screw holes. Typically, I'll use Permabase and a liquid over everything.
On one hand, the old installer did each surround cheaply because "they are just apartment tub surrounds." But you see, they are no longer getting the business. I have sold the property manager on maintenance free surrounds. Each unit also gets the full Schluter profile treatment so there's no caulk either.
No caulk to maintain, waterproofed surrounds.....those units are never going to need another remodel in my life time or perhaps the build's shell either.
Do you see why you build for the worst case? Getting lucky is not a philosophy I could for a wet location.