Why Does Code Note Require Gfci Breakers On Electric Water Heaters?

 
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Old 09-30-2009, 06:35 AM   #161
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Re: Why Does Code Note Require Gfci Breakers On Electric Water Heaters?


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Originally Posted by protechplumbing View Post
Electricity always tries to return to ground.
This one statement alone proves you have only half a clue.

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Old 09-30-2009, 06:49 AM   #162
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Re: Why Does Code Note Require Gfci Breakers On Electric Water Heaters?


Ok, in answer to Arealplumbers question, here is my list of ifs.
By the way you saw an ark, not a spark.

If: one of the surrounding houses lost their neutral connection, but the house you worked on still had a good neutral conductor connection back to the transformer.

If: The surrounding houses are tied together by a copper water pipe system like how they do it in my area, with no insulating joints in it anywhere and bonded around water meters.

If: The surrounding houses had their breakers on which allows current to get on their copper water pipes via their neutral bond connectons to grounding electrode conductor tied to the water pipe at those dwellings.

Given those Ifs, your house was serving as a neutral current return path for the other house(s). You could have a 120 volt potential at an opening of a path back to the transformer like when you separated the ground wire from the heater which is continous to the water piping system. Your neutral would serve as a path back to the source for somebody else's unbalanced current. Current was traveling the water piping to the heater case, and then through the heaters equipment grounding conductor to the neutral/ground bond at the service, then back to the transformer source. That potential at the opening of the circuit could have caused an ark. Probably not a high energy ark, but still yet an ark. You can witness the same phenominum if and as you remove a neutral conductor from the neutral busbar while it is under load. (by the way I do not suggest that you go trying to do this as you can get quite a whallop off that neutral if you are not careful with it.) I hope that answers your question. I don't believe I was jumping on you before, (maybe I did a bit....) I did however the other plumber who came here with wrong info and then proceeds to tell us how we are all wrong.
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Old 09-30-2009, 09:02 AM   #163
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Re: Why Does Code Note Require Gfci Breakers On Electric Water Heaters?


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You guys hurled enough insults at the start because you thought I was a fool. You deserve one back...dont act like you dont.
The pumps thermal overload shut the pump off. The pump would cycle on and off by the thermal overload and finally it burnt the motor up. I guess he just plugged it all in and left,never waiting for it to cut off. He even admitted to plugging it in seperate. He thought thats how it plugged up.

See, now that's how you prove yourself the idiot. You only post PART OF THE STORY..... HALF THE FACTS. And even assumptions (......"I guess".....)

Both your story about the sparking ground (is it still a sparking ground, or is it something else now?), and your story about a pump.

If you want to get an honest freaking answer, try posting ALL OF THE INFORMATION. MAKE THAT INFORMATION CONSISTENT.... DON'T CHANGE IT EVERY OTHER POST.

I think it's already been shown to the world you don't have a clue what you're talking about. And the sad fact is.......... YOU PROVED IT YOURSELF!

Then, just so you can thump your chest and act the Alpha Male, you start spewing out Paul Harveys' Rest of the Story. "Boy, you guys are such *** because you only know what I tell you and don't know all the facts and don't know the whole story because I didn't tell it to you! You're such *** professionals {..... NOT!}! Now, let's not disrespect people..... except for me because I'm so *** smart about everything!"




You say a wire sparked when you took it apart. Fine. Then you say you knew why it happened. Yes, you said you knew how it happened. Then you said you didn't know how it happened, and would have to call the utility to find out. THEN: You wanted answers about how that could happen. And they have been offered to you. Now, "don't disprespect people" (Yea, YOU said that!), but what do you do? YOU IMMEDIATELY DISRESPRECT THEM by calling them idiots and unprofessional. NOW who is unprofessional?

ARP......... give us a break: stick to plumbing. There's only two things you need to know to be a plumber.... *** runs downhill and payday is Friday.
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Old 09-30-2009, 09:08 AM   #164
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Re: Why Does Code Note Require Gfci Breakers On Electric Water Heaters?


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Originally Posted by Speedy Petey View Post
This one statement alone proves you have only half a clue.
I tried telling him that, but apparently I'm too much of a fúcking asshole electrician I don't know what I'm talking about. I guess I should go to TurdHerder School in order to finish my electrical training.
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Old 09-30-2009, 10:16 AM   #165
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Re: Why Does Code Note Require Gfci Breakers On Electric Water Heaters?


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edited
I know this ****s gonna roll downhill today for sure. Your just like the electrician that worked on the pump....assumed he knew everything and it cost him 15 grand. My original post said i knew what happened and I do....The power co had a problem at the powerpole. I only tried to explain half-assed i admit as to why it happened after you idiots couldn't figure it out or said "It cant happen". You will be getting a proper answer. In the mean time try to to kill anybody with your "Know it all" attitude......like the electrician who wired my pump up wrong. he was so dumb even after i explained how he burnt the pump up...he still didn't get it.

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Old 09-30-2009, 10:36 AM   #166
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Re: Why Does Code Note Require Gfci Breakers On Electric Water Heaters?


I will tell you another way i could get intermittant voltage at the water heater. This happened a few years ago thanks to a stupid electrician. I turn the double pole 30 amp breaker to the off position. Check the two legs and they show the power is off. I go to the truck for a garden hose and come back to the water heater,and when i pull the wires i get sparks. I check the wires and they read 60 volts or so. i check the breaker and its off....i go back to the wires and they show "NO POWER". I wait a few minutes and check the wires again......this time i get power again about 60 volts. The dumbass electrician didn't have a double pole space in outside main panel for a tanning bed he wired up...so what does this idiot do????? he sticks one leg of the 220v tanning bed into one leg of the water heater breaker and the ohter leg into some other breaker to get 220 for the tanning bed. Everytime the tanning bed was turned on i would get voltage back at the water heater. Another dumbass trying to kill sombody. I called an electrician about this problem.....His answer was "If the breaker is off theres noway power is coming through it".........so one electrician wired it wrong then another was so arrogant he wouldn't even come look at the problem...just assumed i was mistaken.
HEY DID ANY OF YOU ELECTRICIANS DO THIS......I FOUND IT IN AN ATTIC A FEW WEEKS BACK.NICE WORK GUYS

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Old 09-30-2009, 12:27 PM   #167
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Re: Why Does Code Note Require Gfci Breakers On Electric Water Heaters?


Usually I come and fix that sort of thing.

Saw this the other day, did you do this?



NICE WORK GUYS!!!
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Old 09-30-2009, 12:46 PM   #168
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Re: Why Does Code Note Require Gfci Breakers On Electric Water Heaters?


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Originally Posted by ARealplumber View Post
I know this ****s gonna roll downhill today for sure. Your just like the electrician that worked on the pump....assumed he knew everything and it cost him 15 grand. My original post said i knew what happened and I do....The power co had a problem at the powerpole. I only tried to explain half-assed i admit as to why it happened after you idiots couldn't figure it out or said "It cant happen". You will be getting a proper answer. In the mean time try to to kill anybody with your "Know it all" attitude......like the electrician who wired my pump up wrong. he was so dumb even after i explained how he burnt the pump up...he still didn't get it.
First off, YOU are the one assuming I assume I know everything. I am not the one here who is spouting off about how much smarter I am than everyone else. That's your job.

How do you get any work done at the job site when you're so busy telling the framers, carpenters, drywallers, electricians, brickmasons, landscapers, painters, roofers, carpet layers, etc. etc. etc. how to do THEIR jobs since they're all a bunch of dolts?

You said you knew what happened. That is a lie by your own admission. You then stated you would find out what happened. We're still waiting, and I seriously doubt you will find out anyway.

You just can't seem to grasp the facts that your story keeps changing. How do you expect us to give you an answer when you keep changing and adding stuff?

The only defense you've offered on your behalf is that we're all just numbnuts who can't run a pair of wire strippers to save our lives. And yes, IT WAS YOU ----- YOU ---- who stated, and I will quote you:

Quote:
Originally Posted by ARealPlumber
Until then try not to disrespect people.
Now, you want an answer about how it could happen. What part of TWO POSSIBILITIES HAVE BEEN OFFERED AND YOU HAVE NOT EVEN MADE NOTICE OF IT do you not comprehend? YOU WANT A FREAKING ANSWER, AND THEN YOU IGNORE THEM ONLY SO YOU CAN INSULT US MORE.

If you want to keep posting photos of someone else's poor work and childishly ask if it mine, well, go right ahead.... act like a two-year old. That is obviously the level of your mentality.
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Old 09-30-2009, 01:11 PM   #169
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Re: Why Does Code Note Require Gfci Breakers On Electric Water Heaters?


Quote:
Originally Posted by 480sparky View Post
First off, YOU are the one assuming I assume I know everything. I am not the one here who is spouting off about how much smarter I am than everyone else. That's your job.

How do you get any work done at the job site when you're so busy telling the framers, carpenters, drywallers, electricians, brickmasons, landscapers, painters, roofers, carpet layers, etc. etc. etc. how to do THEIR jobs since they're all a bunch of dolts?

You said you knew what happened. That is a lie by your own admission. You then stated you would find out what happened. We're still waiting, and I seriously doubt you will find out anyway.

You just can't seem to grasp the facts that your story keeps changing. How do you expect us to give you an answer when you keep changing and adding stuff?

The only defense you've offered on your behalf is that we're all just numbnuts who can't run a pair of wire strippers to save our lives. And yes, IT WAS YOU ----- YOU ---- who stated, and I will quote you:



Now, you want an answer about how it could happen. What part of TWO POSSIBILITIES HAVE BEEN OFFERED AND YOU HAVE NOT EVEN MADE NOTICE OF IT do you not comprehend? YOU WANT A FREAKING ANSWER, AND THEN YOU IGNORE THEM ONLY SO YOU CAN INSULT US MORE.

If you want to keep posting photos of someone else's poor work and childishly ask if it mine, well, go right ahead.... act like a two-year old. That is obviously the level your your mentality.

480 sparky
Thats why I like you. You never hold anything back.
I like reading your post at Mike Holt forum as well.
I'v learned alot form your posts and I thank you for that.
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Old 09-30-2009, 01:13 PM   #170
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Re: Why Does Code Note Require Gfci Breakers On Electric Water Heaters?


I thought you were the guy saying "IT CANT HAPPEN". Well mr sparky it did happen. I had a wire sparking with every breaker and panel in the OFF position as my original post stated. And i do know what happened. The power company had a problem at their powerpole. Nothing was changed or repaired at the customers home. You will get your proper explaination if you can hold your wad long enough.
I JUST LEFT A MESSAGE TO A FRIEND THAT BUILDS THE SUB STATIONS FOR THE POWER CO. I WILL HAVE YOUR ANSWER SOON.

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Old 09-30-2009, 01:39 PM   #171
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Re: Why Does Code Note Require Gfci Breakers On Electric Water Heaters?


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Originally Posted by spdtrx View Post
480 sparky
Thats why I like you. You never hold anything back.
I like reading your post at Mike Holt forum as well.
I'v learned alot form your posts and I thank you for that.
Keep checking back....Mr sparky's gonna learn somthing like the one earlier in the thread did about the water heater element not tripping the breaker. He already has learned i have a test meter and know how to use it. He also learned that some pumps have a float control and the pump has to be plugged into it or the pump's thermal overload kicks in.....and will eventually burn the pump up. All for free. I kinda feel cheated.
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Old 09-30-2009, 01:41 PM   #172
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Re: Why Does Code Note Require Gfci Breakers On Electric Water Heaters?


Quote:
Originally Posted by ARealplumber View Post
I thought you were the guy saying "IT CANT HAPPEN". Well mr sparky it did happen. I had a wire sparking with every breaker and panel in the OFF position as my original post stated. And i do know what happened. The power company had a problem at their powerpole. Nothing was changed or repaired at the customers home. You will get your proper explaination if you can hold your wad long enough.
I JUST LEFT A MESSAGE TO A FRIEND THAT BUILDS THE SUB STATIONS FOR THE POWER CO. I WILL HAVE YOUR ANSWER SOON.

OK, the ONLY TIME I said it can't happen is in post 155. And that is the post where I offered one of the possible explainations you have even yet to acknowledge reading. That explanation says some of the breakers had to be turned on, yet you maintain they all were off. If all the power was turned off, and the neutral had been disconnected at the pole (like you claim), then I still maintain there is no way a ground wire at the water heater could arc. If a structure is completely disconnected from it's source of electricty (all breakers off) and the neutral is open, there's no way for electricity to get into the house to cause an arc.

Care to comment on the possibility I offered? Is there something I did wrong? is there anything I missed? Do you actually understand it at all?

Or are you just going with "I'll have an answer in due time, just hold your horses!"?
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Old 09-30-2009, 01:49 PM   #173
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Re: Why Does Code Note Require Gfci Breakers On Electric Water Heaters?


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OK, the ONLY TIME I said it can't happen is in post 155. And that is the post where I offered one of the possible explainations you have even yet to acknowledge reading. That explanation says some of the breakers had to be turned on, yet you maintain they all were off. If all the power was turned off, and the neutral had been disconnected at the pole (like you claim), then I still maintain there is no way a ground wire at the water heater could arc. If a structure is completely disconnected from it's source of electricty (all breakers off) and the neutral is open, there's no way for electricity to get into the house to cause an arc.

Care to comment on the possibility I offered? Is there something I did wrong? is there anything I missed? Do you actually understand it at all?

Or are you just going with "I'll have an answer in due time, just hold your horses!"?
The power co had a problem....it caused voltage to be fed back to the house...I happened to be the guy who disconnected a ground at the water heater and it was sparking. ALL THE BREAKERS WERE OFF. Now who is suppose to be the electrician? Your suppose to be telling me how that happened. You guys Fk'd up when you started making smart remarks about me checking the wires with a test meter and sombody being "stupid". Just like the typical "know it all" like the electricain's I've delt with in the past. Now I know why the Union pays the sparky's less than the plumbers union guys make. Serves you guys right
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Old 09-30-2009, 01:56 PM   #174
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Re: Why Does Code Note Require Gfci Breakers On Electric Water Heaters?


First off, YOU are the one assuming I assume I know everything.

You don't?
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Old 09-30-2009, 02:07 PM   #175
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Re: Why Does Code Note Require Gfci Breakers On Electric Water Heaters?


Quote:
Originally Posted by ARealplumber View Post
......Your suppose to be telling me how that happened. ......

AND I DID!

AND I DID!


AND I DID!

AND I DID!

AND I DID!

AND I DID!

AND I DID!

AND I DID!

AND I DID!

AND I DID!

AND I DID!

AND I DID!

AND I DID!

AND I DID!

AND I DID!

AND I DID!

AND I DID!

And so did mcmikeman in post 162.

And so did mcmikeman in post 162.

And so did mcmikeman in post 162.

And so did mcmikeman in post 162.

And so did mcmikeman in post 162.

And so did mcmikeman in post 162.



Can't you even acknowledge my post (#155) and mcmikemans (162)? Is that so fúcking difficult? Can you AT LEAST SAY you read them? Can you reach down into the bottom of the vast chasm of your experience and at least say that you read them? Is it so fúcking difficult to do this that you are incapable of it?

Can you even comment on them? Make a statement?


Quote:
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First off, YOU are the one assuming I assume I know everything.

You don't?
No, and I'm not like some plumbers who keep saying they do.
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Old 09-30-2009, 02:09 PM   #176
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Re: Why Does Code Note Require Gfci Breakers On Electric Water Heaters?


Quote:
Originally Posted by ARealplumber View Post
I will tell you another way i could get intermittant voltage at the water heater. This happened a few years ago thanks to a stupid electrician. I turn the double pole 30 amp breaker to the off position. Check the two legs and they show the power is off. I go to the truck for a garden hose and come back to the water heater,and when i pull the wires i get sparks. I check the wires and they read 60 volts or so. i check the breaker and its off....i go back to the wires and they show "NO POWER". I wait a few minutes and check the wires again......this time i get power again about 60 volts. The dumbass electrician didn't have a double pole space in outside main panel for a tanning bed he wired up...so what does this idiot do????? he sticks one leg of the 220v tanning bed into one leg of the water heater breaker and the ohter leg into some other breaker to get 220 for the tanning bed. Everytime the tanning bed was turned on i would get voltage back at the water heater. Another dumbass trying to kill sombody. I called an electrician about this problem.....His answer was "If the breaker is off theres noway power is coming through it".........so one electrician wired it wrong then another was so arrogant he wouldn't even come look at the problem...just assumed i was mistaken.
HEY DID ANY OF YOU ELECTRICIANS DO THIS......I FOUND IT IN AN ATTIC A FEW WEEKS BACK.NICE WORK GUYS

Chances are that none of that was done by an electrician, but by someone who "worked with electricity", maybe Handyman99
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Old 09-30-2009, 02:09 PM   #177
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Re: Why Does Code Note Require Gfci Breakers On Electric Water Heaters?


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The power co had a problem....it caused voltage to be fed back to the house...I happened to be the guy who disconnected a ground at the water heater and it was sparking. ALL THE BREAKERS WERE OFF. Now who is suppose to be the electrician? Your suppose to be telling me how that happened. You guys Fk'd up when you started making smart remarks about me checking the wires with a test meter and sombody being "stupid". Just like the typical "know it all" like the electricain's I've delt with in the past. Now I know why the Union pays the sparky's less than the plumbers union guys make. Serves you guys right
The power company discovered what we knew last night. Several of the good electricians told you exactly what the problem was, -- LAST NIGHT. The grounded neutral conductor came undone on the utility side, also know as the supply side. When this happens -- and it does happen, obviously -- current will take the path of the grounding electrode conductor. This is an NEC code requirement, not something we do to make fun of plumbers when they get shocked. Here, maybe this'll help you understand better....

Quote:
Have you done any service work lately, and noticed a spark as you connect or reconnect the grounding electrode conductor to the ground rod of what appeared to be a perfectly normal electric service? Have you ever disconnected the grounding electrode conductor at a water pipe and received a shock? Have you ever noticed any arcing or sparking at a loose grounding electrode conductor at an outbuilding that has a connection to its own separate ground rod? If you answered “yes” to any of these questions, the culprit is more than likely currents in the grounding electrode conductor.

Fig. 1. Open neutral with grounding electrode serving as return current path.
Although electricians often attribute these phenomena to “phantom” currents or some sort of mysterious phase imbalance, the condition is usually due to a much different source. Many times, grounding electrode conductors regularly carry current. Many electricians assume the only time there will be current in a grounding electrode conductor for a properly wired system is during a fault. This assumption is usually based on the definitions presented in Art. 250 of the NEC, specifically the interpretations and misinterpretations of 250.2.

The requirements of 250.2 tell us that an effective ground fault current path is, “An intentionally constructed, permanent, low-impedance electrically conductive path designed and intended to carry current under ground fault conditions from the point of a ground fault on a wiring system to the electrical supply source and that facilitates the operation of the overcurrent protective device or ground fault detectors on high-impedance grounded systems.”

Fig. 2. Current returns through all paths, not just the path of least resistance.

Although this section of the Code clearly describes the function of proper bonding, particularly for low-voltage systems, use of the word “ground” in the definition sometimes gives the impression that the grounding electrode conductor is part of the fault-clearing path, and that the currents are only temporary, lasting only until an overcurrent protective device opens the circuit. With that assumption, and based on that incorrect interpretation, many electricians assume that in a properly functioning electrical system, currents in grounding electrode conductors are only present during faults — and only for a very short time. Although further examination of 250.4(A)(5) should make it clear that the earth shall not be considered an effective ground-fault current path, misconceptions persist.

The case of the open neutral. In a properly functioning electrical system, the neutral conductor carries the imbalance current of the system. For a single-phase system, the imbalance is the difference between the currents in the two “hot” legs of the transformer. For a 3-phase system, the neutral current is the imbalance between all three hot phases. To further clarify this point, let's review an example, starting with the review of a single-phase 120/240V system.

The current imbalance needs to return via the neutral conductor back to the transformer. But, if that neutral is open, the imbalance current will seek other paths to get back to the neutral leg of the transformer. At the main service, the neutral and ground are connected via the main bonding jumper. If the ground path has a low enough resistance, it may prove to be a satisfactory return path, and the imbalance current will travel through the main bonding jumper into the grounding electrode. Since the transformer neutral is grounded by the utility, and since the main bonding jumper connects the neutral and grounding conductor at the service, as per NEC requirements, the ground path provides a complete return for the imbalance current.

Fig. 3. An open neutral in a neighboring building, shown on the right. The imbalance current from the neighboring building finds a path back through the water pipe in common to both buildings, and up through the grounding electrode conductor of the building on the left.

Many times, the first clue to finding an open neutral in your system is to measure a potential difference at the various loads in a building. With the absence of a neutral conductor (or a high-resistance return path), there is no path for the imbalance current to return back to the source. When the neutral is open, and there is no return path at all, the entire system becomes a 240V series system. In the case of an open neutral, when the ground path is of high resistance, the open neutral becomes evident as the voltage difference between the phases. In the case of an open neutral with a low-resistance ground path, the open neutral may never be detected. Currents may continue to travel this path for years until an unsuspecting person opens the ground circuit, potentially placing them in harm's way.
Typically during a service upgrade project, you're likely to disconnect the old grounding electrode conductor and replace it with a new conductor properly sized for the upgraded service and the new service ampacity requirements. You may also find yourself disconnecting a grounding electrode conductor during routine repair work or electrical system maintenance. It's at this point in the work process that you can expose yourself to a dangerous or potentially fatal shock (Fig. 1 on page C14).

The path of least resistance. All of us in the electrical industry have been conditioned with the phrase “current travels through the path of least resistance.” But is this really true? Some people conclude that when there are multiple paths for current to flow, current only flows through the path of least resistance. However, a more accurate description of current flow back to the source is that the majority of current flows through the path of least resistance, and less current flows through paths of higher resistance (Fig. 2 on page C16). Given multiple paths back to the source, current will flow through all paths to reach its destination, with the majority of current flowing through the path of least resistance.

Fig. 4. Building on right has open neutral. Imbalance current returns via cable television coaxial jacket to building on left, and then to transformer.
Almost every electrical system has multiple grounding electrodes; ground rods, water pipes, building steel, etc., with a grounding electrode conductor to each. A service with multiple grounding electrode conductors that has a higher resistance on one of the conductors, and little or no measurable current in it, may still have significant current in the other grounding electrode conductors. Therefore, measuring the current in the conductor going to the ground rod and proving it safe does not mean there is a safe current level in the conductor going to the water pipe.

Your neighbor's problem is now your problem. Let's take a look at another example. This time you're working in a building or a house, and you're sure there is a continuous neutral. You look at the service entrance conductors, and don't see any breaks. Everything appears to be in good condition, including the neutral conductor and all neutral connections. You are convinced that since there have been no complaints about fluctuating voltages, or any other indications of an open neutral, that a neutral problem at this building doesn't exist. You even go as far as measuring current in the neutral, and convince yourself that since there is current in the neutral conductor, there can't be an open neutral. This leads you to have no fear of opening up any grounding electrode conductors. Is this a safe assumption?
Even though the building you're working on may have a completely continuous neutral back to the transformer, the house next door or a building somewhere in the general vicinity may have an open neutral. If the building you're working in and the building with an open neutral have some type of conductive path between them, current may return via that path. A metal water pipe is a good example of such a connection. Current can come “up” through a ground rod or a water pipe into the building you're working on, due to an open neutral in a neighboring building. Figure 3 on page C16 illustrates this condition. The metal water pipe common to the buildings has such a low resistance, that it may not be apparent at the building with the open neutral that there is a problem. The current exits the building with the open neutral through the metallic pipes and finds its way back up through the grounding electrode conductors in your building. Any grounded electrically conductive path between buildings can serve as a return path for current for a building with an open neutral.

The grounded coaxial braid in the jacket of cable television drops can also serve as return paths for the neutral imbalance current from a building with an open neutral (Fig. 4). Cable television systems should be grounded as they enter the premises as per Art. 680 of the NEC. Since the cable television connection blocks typically get grounded directly to the same grounding electrodes that the electric service uses (or they have their own separate grounding electrode, and that electrode gets bonded to the electrical system grounding electrode), this can become a return path. However, this situation is quite rare, since the ampacity of the return current tends to burn out the coaxial cable). Nonetheless, it can still exist and create a hazard.

Is the current coming or going? So now you're convinced that there can be current flowing in a grounding electrode conductor. Next time you're on-the-job, use your ammeter to measure the current in the grounding electric conductor before you open up that connection. If you measure a current, how do you know if it's due to current going “down” into the ground at this building or current coming up through the grounding electrode conductor in your building and returning back to the source via your neutral?
Unfortunately, putting an ammeter on the conductor will only prove that there is current flowing in the conductor. It does not tell you the direction of that current. You must use Kirchoff's Law to determine the direction of the current flow. Kirchoff's Law states that all currents entering a connection are equal to the currents leaving a connection. Simply put, all currents must balance. Let's look at a couple of examples for clarification.
Example No. 1. You're working on a single-phase, 120/240V service. You measure 11A in the black conductor at the main service panel. You measure 5A in the red conductor at the main service panel. On a single-phase service, the neutral current is the difference between the two legs of the transformer, which in this case is 6A. Therefore, if you measure 6A in the grounding electrode conductor and 0A in the neutral service entrance conductor, you can be relatively certain that the neutral is open, and your building is dumping current into an alternate return path (i.e. the grounding electrode).

Example No. 2. You're working on a single-phase, 120/240V service. You measure 11A in the black conductor at the main service panel. You measure 5A in the red conductor at the main service panel. As in the first example, the neutral current will be the difference between the two legs of the transformer, which is 6A. However, this time you measure 8A in the grounding electrode conductor. How can this be? Can there possibly be more current being dumped into the ground by the system you're working on than the system imbalance current? Are there 2A of extra phantom current? When you measure the current in the neutral, you find 14A. Now you're really confused. Applying Kirchoff's Law to the circuit, you quickly realize that the 6A of current imbalance from the system you're working on is being joined with 8A coming into this system from somewhere else.
Final thoughts. Neutral current will return to its source via any means possible. That return path could be through a conductor or connection that may seem unlikely to you, such as a grounding electrode conductor.
As electrical services in some neighborhoods around the country age — and the likelihood of an open neutral is more probable as well as in areas with high population density where at least one open neutral may exist — neutral currents seeking return paths through what may be considered unconventional means become more likely. In any and all cases, shock hazards can exist with all electrical conductors, including grounding electrode conductors.
Osoliniec is a private consulting engineer located in Warren, N.J. He is a licensed professional engineer and electrical contractor in the state of New Jersey.

Things to Consider
Never assume that a grounding electrode conductor is “dead,” or you may be.
• If there is no current in one of the grounding electrode conductors, this doesn't mean there is no grounding electrode current flowing somewhere in the system. Treat all grounding electrode connection points individually.
• Always assume the grounding electrode conductor is “hot,” and treat it as such, until proven otherwise.
• Even though the system you're working on may be functioning correctly, and have a good neutral, a dangerous condition may still exist if there is an open neutral in a neighboring building.
• Even if the main circuit breaker in the building you're working in is open, as long as the neutral provides a path for that imbalanced current, current can be flowing up through your grounding electrodes, and back through your neutral.
• Current can come into the system you're working on from a local faulty system.
• The neutral in the building you're working on was sized for its own service, not for additional current from another service. If a neighboring building has an open or faulty neutral, it may affect the system you're working on.
If you want to see the pictures that came with this article from EC&M magazine, click here
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Old 09-30-2009, 02:14 PM   #178
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Re: Why Does Code Note Require Gfci Breakers On Electric Water Heaters?


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IF (and there's several ifs here!):



However, if ALL the breakers were actually off, I'll say there's no way the ground could spark.
.
Yeah I read that post.......did you? All the breaker were OFF. The ground DID SPARK. What part dont you get...oh yeah thats why i'm waiting on my phone call from a guy who can explain it to you in terms you will understand.
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Old 09-30-2009, 02:15 PM   #179
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Re: Why Does Code Note Require Gfci Breakers On Electric Water Heaters?


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Yeah I read that post.......did you? All the breaker were OFF. The ground DID SPARK. What part dont you get...............
So you read it. Care to comment? Or don't you understand it at all?

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........oh yeah thats why i'm waiting on my phone call from a guy who can explain it to you in terms you will understand.
Yes, but will YOU understand those terms?

And you're waiting for a phone call from someone to explain something to you that you have already highly boasted that you already knew.

Like I said..... shît runs downhill and payday is Friday........
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Last edited by 480sparky; 09-30-2009 at 02:18 PM.
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Old 09-30-2009, 02:22 PM   #180
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Re: Why Does Code Note Require Gfci Breakers On Electric Water Heaters?


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The power company discovered what we knew last night. Several of the good electricians told you exactly what the problem was, -- LAST NIGHT. The grounded neutral conductor came undone on the utility side, also know as the supply side. When this happens -- and it does happen, obviously -- current will take the path of the grounding electrode conductor. This is an NEC code requirement, not something we do to make fun of plumbers when they get shocked. Here, maybe this'll help you understand better....



If you want to see the pictures that came with this article from EC&M magazine, click here
Nothing posted remotely came close to this explaination. Thank you for this very informative post. I'm glad I read it. I hope some other electricians will read it and THEN READ THE CRAP THEY POSTED AND COMPARE THE difference in the content. SORRY THE PLUMBER COULDN'T GIVE AN EXPLAINATION LIKE THAT.
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