You shouldn't have to worry about most of the alphabet soup. USB for example, I rather doubt that most people could tell you it stands for universal serial bus, and the fact that I know that probably means I'm too geeky. It has nothing to do with the web, it's primarily a way to hook up your printer and camera to the computer. In the "good ol days" you would need to boot up with all your devices connected and couldn't connect them after boot up because it either wouldn't work or could even damage the device. USB became the standard because it's "hot pluggable" and you can connect and disconnect devices as easlily as plugging a lamp into the wall socket of your house.
You'll only need to become familiar with a few common acronyms to avoid being mistaken for a caveman.
SEO probably tops the list. It just means search engine optimization and refers to the process of making a web page visible to search engines and found by users seeking the info on that page.
Try to work with a designer that doesn't spew out alphabet soup. If you hear the "common folk" using terms, you should probably Google them if you don't know what they are. But there is no need for web people to use all those unless they are talking to each other. The only thing you need to know about HTML is that it's "code" and web people use it to create web sites. You don't need to know much more than that to hire a designer, and knowing it stands for hypertext markup language won't help you any more than knowing what USB stands for. You only need a basic idea of what it does.
You probably wouldn't study Latin just to choose a doctor. If your doctor told you he had to hook you up to an EKG, it really doesn't matter whether you know what it stands for or not. If he tells you your HDL is high, all you need to know is whether that's good or bad.